Flags of Europe

46 flags of states and territories in Europe, listed alphabetically, with design class and adoption year.

Albania

Coat of ArmsEuropeAdopted 1912

The red field bears the black silhouetted double headed eagle of Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg, who resisted Ottoman armies in the...

Andorra

Vertical TricolorEuropeAdopted 1866

The blue, yellow and red vertical tricolor reflects the French and Spanish co-princes, with the arms of the co-principality on...

Austria

BicolorEuropeAdopted 1945

One of the oldest designs in heraldry, the red and white bands are said to come from the blood soaked tunic of Duke Leopold V at...

Belarus

Unique DesignEuropeAdopted 1995

The unequal red and green bands carry a red-on-white rushnyk ornament at the hoist, based on a 1917 pattern by Matrona Markevich...

Belgium

Vertical TricolorEuropeAdopted 1831

The vertical black, yellow and red tricolor was born in the revolution of 1830 and fixed in 1831, unusual among tricolors for its...

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Triangle DesignEuropeAdopted 1998

A field of blue carries a yellow triangle and a diagonal line of white stars recalling the flag of Europe. Chosen in 1998 to...

Bulgaria

Horizontal TricolorEuropeAdopted 1990

The white, green and red tricolor was adopted in 1879 after liberation from Ottoman rule and restored in 1990. The colors are...

Croatia

Coat of ArmsEuropeAdopted 1990

The pan Slavic bands of red, white and blue center the checkerboard shield of 13 red and 12 white squares beneath the crowning...

Czechia

Triangle DesignEuropeAdopted 1993

The white over red banner of Bohemia was joined to a blue hoist triangle in 1920 to draw in Slovakia, creating a flag that stayed...

Denmark

Nordic CrossEuropeAdopted 1219

The Dannebrog is held to be the oldest national flag still in use, said to have fallen from the sky at the battle of Lindanise in...

Estonia

Horizontal TricolorEuropeAdopted 1990

The blue, black and white tricolor of the student movement of the 1880s was first raised as the national flag in 1918 and...

Faroe Islands

Nordic CrossEuropeAdopted 1948

The Merkid, a red Nordic cross edged in white on blue, was first hoisted in 1919 and made official with home rule in 1948. The...

Finland

Nordic CrossEuropeAdopted 1918

The blue cross of the lakes and the sky crosses a field of white snow, defined in law in 1918 with a swallow tailed variant for...

France

Vertical TricolorEuropeAdopted 1794

Born of the revolution, the blue and red of the city of Paris around the white of the old monarchy was fixed as the national flag...

Germany

Horizontal TricolorEuropeAdopted 1949

The black, red and gold tricolor first flew over the Frankfurt parliament of 1848 and became the flag of the republic in 1919...

Gibraltar

Coat of ArmsEuropeAdopted 1982

A white band over red carries the castle of three towers with a gold key hanging below, from the grant of arms of 1502. The...

Greece

Cross and SaltireEuropeAdopted 1978

Nine bands of blue and white around a canton bearing a white cross were adopted in 1822 during the war of independence. The...

Hungary

Horizontal TricolorEuropeAdopted 1957

The red, white and green tricolor dates to the freedom struggle of 1848, its colors drawn from the historic arms and the...

Iceland

Nordic CrossEuropeAdopted 1915

A white cross edged in red crosses the deep blue field, colors said to recall the fire of the volcanoes against the snow and the...

Ireland

Vertical TricolorEuropeAdopted 1937

The green of the Gaelic tradition and the orange of the followers of William of Orange are joined by white for lasting peace...

Italy

Vertical TricolorEuropeAdopted 1946

The green, white and red tricolor was born with the Cispadane republic of 1797, modeled on the French flag. It became the flag of...

Latvia

BicolorEuropeAdopted 1990

The carmine red and white bands, in the proportion two to one to two, use a dark shade known as Latvian red. Officially adopted...

Liechtenstein

Coat of ArmsEuropeAdopted 1937

The blue and red bicolour gained a ducal crown in 1937 after the country found at the 1936 Olympics that its flag matched that of...

Lithuania

Horizontal TricolorEuropeAdopted 1988

The yellow, green and red tricolor of the republic of 1918 was restored by the reform movement of 1988. The colors recall sun and...

Luxembourg

Horizontal TricolorEuropeAdopted 1972

The red, white and light blue tricolor descends from the arms of the grand ducal house. Officially adopted in 1972, its lighter...

Malta

BicolorEuropeAdopted 1964

The white and red vertical bicolour of the knights carries the George Cross in the upper hoist, awarded to the whole island in...

Moldova

Vertical TricolorEuropeAdopted 1990

The vertical tricolor centers the golden eagle of Moldova holding a shield with the head of an aurochs, a star, a rose and...

Monaco

BicolorEuropeAdopted 1881

The red over white bicolour of the Grimaldi house dates to 1297 and was fixed in 1881. Its colors are identical to those of...

Montenegro

Coat of ArmsEuropeAdopted 2004

A crimson field edged in gold bears the double headed eagle of the Petrovic dynasty with the shield of the lion. The 2004 law...

Netherlands

Horizontal TricolorEuropeAdopted 1572

The oldest tricolor in continuous use began as the orange, white and blue Prince's Flag of the revolt against Spain, with red...

North Macedonia

Sun EmblemEuropeAdopted 1995

A golden sun with eight rays radiating from a disk fills the red field, recalling the ancient sun symbols of the region. Adopted...

Norway

Nordic CrossEuropeAdopted 1821

The red field with a white cross of the Danish flag gains a blue inner cross, a design proposed in 1821 by the parliament member...

Poland

BicolorEuropeAdopted 1919

The white eagle on red of the Piast arms gave the country its bicolour, among the oldest in Europe with origins in the 13th...

Portugal

Coat of ArmsEuropeAdopted 1911

Green for hope and red for the blood of the republic frame the armillary sphere of the age of discovery bearing the five shields...

Romania

Vertical TricolorEuropeAdopted 1989

The blue, yellow and red tricolor of the 1848 revolution was the flag of the kingdom and returned in 1989 with the communist...

Russia

Horizontal TricolorEuropeAdopted 1991

The white, blue and red tricolor first flew on the ships of Peter the Great in the 1690s, inspired by the Dutch flag. Readopted...

San Marino

Coat of ArmsEuropeAdopted 1862

White bands of peace and blue of liberty frame the arms of three towers on the peaks of Mount Titano. The flag descends from...

Serbia

Coat of ArmsEuropeAdopted 2004

The pan Slavic tricolor of the 1835 constitution centers the arms of the white double eagle bearing four firesteels around a...

Slovakia

Coat of ArmsEuropeAdopted 1992

The pan Slavic bands bear the arms of a white double cross rising over three blue hills, the medieval symbol of the principality...

Slovenia

Coat of ArmsEuropeAdopted 1991

The pan Slavic tricolor carries the arms of Mount Triglav above two wavy lines for the sea and rivers, with three gold six...

Spain

Coat of ArmsEuropeAdopted 1981

The red and yellow bands first flown as the naval ensign of 1785 center the arms of Castile, Leon, Aragon, Navarre and Granada...

Sweden

Nordic CrossEuropeAdopted 1906

The yellow cross on blue is linked to a legend of King Eric IX in the 12th century, combining the blue of the arms with the gold...

Switzerland

Cross and SaltireEuropeAdopted 1889

The white Greek cross on red descends from the banner of Schwyz and the field sign of the Burgundian wars. Square in shape, it is...

Ukraine

BicolorEuropeAdopted 1992

The blue and yellow bicolour, traced to the arms of the medieval principality of Galicia, was raised by the republic of 1918 and...

United Kingdom

Cross and SaltireEuropeAdopted 1801

The Union Jack overlays the crosses of Saints George, Andrew and Patrick, fixed by the union with Ireland in 1801. The correct...

Vatican City

Coat of ArmsEuropeAdopted 1929

Two vertical bands of gold and white, the colors of the keys of Saint Peter, carry the crossed keys and the papal tiara. It is...